Everything about Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment totally explained
An (
Integrated)
Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (
TMG or
ITMG) is the outer layer of a
space suit. The TMG has three functions: to insulate the suit occupant and prevent heat loss, to shield the occupant from harmful
solar radiation, and to protect the astronaut from
micrometeoroids, which could puncture the suit and depressurize it.
The specific design of TMGs varies between different
space agencies and different suits, though they all serve the same purpose.
Apollo/Skylab A7L suit
Outside of a
Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment, pressure bladder, and restraint layer, the TMG for the
A7L suit worn on the Moon and during the
Skylab Program began with a layer of
neoprene-coated
nylon ripstop. This was the innermost layer of protection from micrometeoroids. Next,
thermal radiation protection was provided by five layers of
aluminized Mylar, alternating with four layers of nonwoven
Dacron, which provided thermal spacing, followed by two layers of aluminized
Kapton film and
Beta cloth marquisette
laminate. The outermost layer of
Teflon-coated filament Beta cloth was non-flammable and provided abrasion protection from the notoriously abrasive
lunar dust. This layer was supplemented with Teflon abrasion patches at the knees and other areas.
Space Shuttle/EMU suit
The construction of the TMG on the
EMU suits in use on the
Space Shuttle and
International Space Station differs somewhat from the construction of the Apollo/Skylab TMG.
The EMU TMG includes seven layers of aluminized Mylar laminated with Dacron, rather than five, and eliminates the use of Kapton. The outermost layer is white Ortho-Fabric, made with a blend of
Gore-Tex,
Kevlar, and
Nomex. This layer can withstand temperatures from −300° to +300°
Fahrenheit. The outer layer provides both micrometeoroid and thermal protection, by reflecting most of the sun's thermal radiation.
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